This chapter highlights the importance of cultural heritage recording and documentation, and the critical role of legal frameworks in the protection of cultural artifacts, sites, and practices. The integrity and ownership of cultural expressions are ensured by intellectual property laws, repatriation laws, and the protection of intangible heritage. National and international laws, such as the UNESCO Conventions, guide global cooperation. This chapter examines intellectual property rights. It focuses on copyright, moral rights, and related rights to promote responsible documentation. Data protection, informed consent, and anonymity are critical to respect for the privacy of individuals. Ownership and custodianship involve complex legal principles. They aim to prevent illicit trafficking and ensure legitimate ownership. A comparative analysis of national legal frameworks reveals challenges and opportunities. It advocates for harmonization, international cooperation, and technological advances while balancing ethical considerations with legal compliance.