The demineralisation and remineralisation cycle needs to be controlled in order to prevent the decomposition of dental tissues. The use of fluoridated products, especially the consumption of fluoridated water and use of fluoridated toothpaste, provides significant reduction in caries risk in a cost-effective manner. Fluoride has also been used as a caries-preventive agent in varnishes and gels, and for decades anti-fluoride propaganda has questioned the public and the dental sector about its safety. Therefore, it is important to discuss the pros and cons of fluoride therapy using scientific evidence. More recently, a number of products containing calcium and phosphate have been released onto the market—these products use a variety of technologies and have varying levels of evidenced-based justification. The mechanisms of action of fluoride- and calcium-based technologies will be discussed in detail.