Recent research and technological advances have accelerated the development of green biopolymers because their chemical, electrical, optical and biological properties can be improved. These properties allow these green biomaterials to be biocompatible, biodegradable, bioinherent, non-immunogenic and less toxic, as well as to design more effective and biomimetic systems compared to conventional biopolymers. In this sense, the employment of green biopolymers based on polysaccharides, proteins, oligonucleotides, lipids, or their modifications and combinations obtained from different sources and technologies has increased mainly due to their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, specifically for the development of new drug delivery systems. Therefore, this book chapter describes the applications of green biopolymers in the pharmaceutical field for the design and development of innovative systems for drug delivery, as well as the sources of obtaining said biomaterials, which are characterized by being renewable, sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible and low toxicity, mainly.