Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have garnered considerable interest as a highly promising class of biomedical materials for diverse applications by virtue of their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tuneable properties. The latest development of PHA biomaterials and its application in medicine will be discussed in this chapter. In addition, the development in few techniques for the production of PHA such as microbiological fermentation and chemosynthesis will be overviewed. These techniques enable researchers to accurately define the characteristics of polymers in terms of molecular weight, monomer composition, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it addresses novel strategies for improving the biofunctionality of PHA materials through the methods of surface functionalization, blending with different materials, and bioactive agent loading technique. The biomedical applications of PHA as materials for tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems and wound dressing are discussed. It also provides the outcomes of research studies and preclinical animal trials that have been shown to be successful using PHA-based systems and lastly their clinical relevance at various levels. Overall, this chapter gives an insight of the issues and future developments regarding the biological performances of PHA biomaterials for medical uses, and it highlights the unmet needs for improved properties toward the regulatory approval for human use.