Fluid Mechanical Investigation of the Outgoing Free Jet of Nozzels
摘要
This study investigates the fluid mechanical behaviour of outgoing free jets from circular nozzles, focusing on jet angle and velocity profile analysis. Two nozzles with outlet diameters of 8 and 12 mm were examined using schlieren photography and Pitot tube measurements. Schlieren imaging revealed a consistent jet angle of approximately 22 \(^{\circ }\) unaffected by variations in pressure or nozzle diameter. Additionally, the schlieren method revealed that turbulence within the jet boundary increased at lower pressures due to greater mixing with the ambient air. The velocity profiles, obtained through dynamic pressure measurements, followed a Gaussian distribution within the core and transition regions, with the larger 12 mm nozzle producing a more stable and extended core region compared to the 8 mm nozzle. Deviations were observed near the jet boundaries, particularly at lower velocities, highlighting the challenges in measuring low dynamic pressures. The study’s findings contribute to the understanding of free jet dynamics, offering insights for optimising industrial cooling and drying systems.