The creation of biodegradable materials that are both sustainable and patient-friendly has become essential in the current era of rapid industrialization and increasing environmental awareness. In the domain of healthcare, science and technology, collaborations have led to significant medical science advancements, resulting in the development of numerous life-improving, life-enhancing, and life-saving biomedical engineering innovations. Biodegradable materials are required for fostering environmentally friendly options and therefore biodegradable materials have a promising sustainable future. Biodegradable materials hold great promise as environmentally friendly materials with a wide range of applications. They are particularly advantageous in patient-centeredPatient-centered implanted biomedical devices because of their exceptional and distinctive qualities, which include hydrophilicity, bioactivity, renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This chapter explores a few of the main fields, such as tissue engineeringTissue engineering and drug deliveryDrug delivery systems, where biodegradable materials are having an enormous impact. It also highlights the technological breakthroughs in biodegradable materials, which combine stimuli responsive materials with 3D3D and 4D printing4D Printing to create dynamic, patient-specific biodegradable materials. It also briefly addresses the current trend and instances of biodegradable materials-based sensors for medical therapeutic, diagnostic, and body monitoring applications. The major technological obstacles to the clinical use of biodegradable materials have also been covered. Despite the promising prospects, the clinical utilization of biodegradable materials faces significant challenges such as rising prices, aging populations, and a high burden of chronic illness linked to health-related activities. To address these challenges, healthcare must completely change to become patient-centeredPatient-centered, preventive, evidence based, and proactive with an emphasis on enhancing quality of life. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific advancement, challenges, and promising directions for the development of next generations of patient-centeredPatient-centered and sustainable biodegradable materials.