The recent breakthrough of biomaterials in drug delivery has created a new beginning of personalised medicare with smart “sustainable green” biomaterials. These biomaterials are versatile, adaptable and have enriched therapeutic outcomes with reduced side effects. Recent advancements in nanomaterials and gene therapeutics have enhanced the precision drug discovery. As biomaterials can be tuned according to the individual genomic profiles and disease characteristics, they are used for optimum benefits and minimum side effects. Biodegradable polymers have adaptable features, managable degenerative rates, customized mechanics, and surface properties that coordinate well with the human body. Yet biomaterials have not enough potential to change healthcare sector, as the treatment is customized to the individual patient’s needs. Novel biomaterials led to the discovery of absorbable stents, used to replace the permanent metallic stents in cardiology. Metamaterials also play a vital role due to their exceptionally designed properties. They are used for medical applications as they have excellent potential to exploit sound and electromagnetic energy. These metamaterials are used in radiology, optical and masking devices. Metamaterials are used to improve diagnostics for better resolution and susceptibility. In this chapter we will discuss various types of sustainable biomaterials, their significant role in drug delivery, advantages and their applications in oncology, dentistry, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases. The challenges are also highlighted which include the toxicity issues and the complexity of manufacturing processes.