Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors (i.e., tobacco use, unhealthy diet, body weight management, physical inactivity, and excess alcohol intake) through self-care. In low- and middle-income countries, barriers can make these self-care behaviors challenging. In this chapter, we define and describe self-care, focusing on individual-level behavioral risk factors and cultural influences on beliefs about self-care within the broader context of healthcare and system factors enabling self-care in under-resourced countries. Finally, we explore the self-care interventions studied in low- and middle-income countries.