This chapter explains basics of quantitative and then qualitative data analysis planning. The description of quantitative data analysis includes the four levels of data, common statistical tests for descriptive, inferential, parametric, and nonparametric analyses, and how to set a level for statistical significance (p). Reasons to engage a statistician in analysis planning are highlighted, and data safety and monitoring plans (DSMPs) for high risk, intervention studies are defined. Finally, a table summarizes qualitative data analyses within each of five major traditions: Case study/case series, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and phenomenology. Simple thematic analysis is also reviewed. A referenced Protocol Worksheet provides examples and prompts for planning analysis.