This chapter emphasizes the necessity of written institutional review board (IRB) approval before beginning either a pilot or full study, and discusses researcher challenges after beginning the project. In multisite studies, approval of the same protocol procedures are required from the IRB at every data collection site. If the researcher is a student or faculty then university IRB approval usually is sought first. Strategies for dealing with challenges, such as multi-IRB approvals, time, motivation, researcher errors, and unexpected adverse events are suggested.