This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of how neurotechnology is transforming the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), such as those in a vegetative state (VS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). Traditional clinical methods often struggle to detect signs of consciousness in these patients. The chapter introduces brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) as a powerful tool that bridges this gap by allowing clinicians to assess hidden cognitive activity and even restore communication in some cases. The chapter explains how different BCI techniques, including P300 responses and motor imagery, work to identify brain signals that indicate awareness. It also discusses the use of other neuroimaging tools, like electroencephalography (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI), to complement BCIs in diagnosing and tracking patient progress. However, using these technologies is not without challenges. The chapter addresses issues like variability in patient responses, task complexity, and ethical concerns such as the risk of misdiagnosis. These sections help students understand the importance of using BCIs responsibly in clinical settings. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the immense potential of neurotechnology to improve patient outcomes while highlighting the need for further research and standardized guidelines.