In the field of energy-efficient cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSN), a prominent challenge arises from the limited energy resources of sensor nodes and the multifaceted obligations associated with channel-dependent data transmission. Additionally, the need for inter-sensor node communication to share channel-dependent data poses another hurdle. To enhance network longevity, achieving energy homeostasis among cluster heads (CHs) is crucial, necessitating the use of an uneven clustering strategy. Furthermore, CH selection considers number of open channels to perform optimal channel allocation. Sensible channel distribution should factor in cluster members’ energy consumption, and selecting an appropriate next-hop for relaying should involve evaluating connection stability to boost transmission efficiency. To effectively maintain cluster, CH rotation sensitive to both energy and spectrum dynamics is required. Energy and Spectrum-Aware Unequal Clustering (ESAUC) protocol addresses these challenges by jointly addressing energy and spectrum limitations, promoting network longevity by equalizing residual energy allocation and minimizing overall energy usage. The culmination of this effort introduces the Quality-Based Clustering Node Disjoint Routing Protocol (QCL-NDRP), featuring a source-destination edge-based route selection mechanism. This protocol considers Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, like distance, available energy, and spectrum availability, to evaluate path cost function and efficiently mitigate interference among paths. Results reveals that proposed approach performs better than ESAUC method considering Network Lifetime, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, and end-to-end latency.