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The global issue of toxic contaminants removal from wastewater is a significant concern, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and industrialization, which generate heavy metal-laden wastewater affecting the environment and human health. Traditional wastewater treatment methods are expensive and energy-intensive due to the complex as well as large volume of associated pollutants. Microbes, immune to metal toxicity, play a crucial role in the ecosystem’s resource cycle and energy flow, offering promising benefits in wastewater detoxification. This has led to the development of processes like biomineralization, oxidation-reduction, bio-precipitation, bioaccumulation, biosurfactant technology, bioleaching, bio-volatilization, and biosorption. Combining bioremediation with nanotechnology provides a cost-effective solution for pollutant removal. Nanomaterials exhibit exceptional characteristics such as improved catalysis, adsorption properties, and high reactivity. Bacterial, fungal, and algal cultures are used as catalysts for sustainable nanomaterial production, facilitating bioremediation by immobilizing or inducing microbial enzymes. Understanding the interaction between microorganisms, contaminants, and nanoparticles is crucial for developing innovative remediation strategies. Bio-engineered nano-sorbents, combined with microorganisms, offer an effective solution for pollutant sequestration due to their high surface areas and specific functionalization. Microbes possess natural or engineered abilities to degrade or transform contaminants, enhancing the remediation process. This chapter explores the interaction between nano-sorbents and microbes, current bio-engineering technologies, and practical applications in water treatment and soil remediation. It covers different types of microbe-derived nanomaterials used in pollutant remediation, their characteristics, and synthesis methods. The adsorption mechanisms and kinetics of bio-engineered nanomaterials are briefly discussed, along with their applications in wastewater treatment and soil remediation.

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Bioengineered Nano-sorbents: Microbial Allies in Pollutant Sequestration

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Sowjanya Sivakumar,
  • Mohamad Zuber Nurgat,
  • Laxmikarthika V. Srinivasan,
  • Akashi Bora,
  • Mrunal S. Wagh,
  • Neelam Amit Kungwani,
  • Mahesh Narayan

摘要

The global issue of toxic contaminants removal from wastewater is a significant concern, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and industrialization, which generate heavy metal-laden wastewater affecting the environment and human health. Traditional wastewater treatment methods are expensive and energy-intensive due to the complex as well as large volume of associated pollutants. Microbes, immune to metal toxicity, play a crucial role in the ecosystem’s resource cycle and energy flow, offering promising benefits in wastewater detoxification. This has led to the development of processes like biomineralization, oxidation-reduction, bio-precipitation, bioaccumulation, biosurfactant technology, bioleaching, bio-volatilization, and biosorption. Combining bioremediation with nanotechnology provides a cost-effective solution for pollutant removal. Nanomaterials exhibit exceptional characteristics such as improved catalysis, adsorption properties, and high reactivity. Bacterial, fungal, and algal cultures are used as catalysts for sustainable nanomaterial production, facilitating bioremediation by immobilizing or inducing microbial enzymes. Understanding the interaction between microorganisms, contaminants, and nanoparticles is crucial for developing innovative remediation strategies. Bio-engineered nano-sorbents, combined with microorganisms, offer an effective solution for pollutant sequestration due to their high surface areas and specific functionalization. Microbes possess natural or engineered abilities to degrade or transform contaminants, enhancing the remediation process. This chapter explores the interaction between nano-sorbents and microbes, current bio-engineering technologies, and practical applications in water treatment and soil remediation. It covers different types of microbe-derived nanomaterials used in pollutant remediation, their characteristics, and synthesis methods. The adsorption mechanisms and kinetics of bio-engineered nanomaterials are briefly discussed, along with their applications in wastewater treatment and soil remediation.