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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology significantly improves wireless communication by increasing data transfer speeds and reliability, particularly in challenging environments. The development of Massive MIMO (MMIMO), crucial for 5G networks, increases spectral efficiency and reliability by serving multiple users simultaneously through spatial multiplexing and beamforming. However, with the rise of multitasking and technologies like augmented and virtual reality, even faster Internet speeds are needed, which 6G aims to deliver, promising up to 1 terabit per second (TBPS). The evolution toward 6G hinges on Holographic MIMO (HMIMO) technology, which uses metamaterials and reconfigurable antennas to manipulate electromagnetic waves precisely. This work assesses the Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics of MIMO, MMIMO, and HMIMO under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI), combining theoretical analysis and numerical results to provide a realistic system performance depiction. It also identifies challenges and future research directions.

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Revolutionized 6G Communication with Holographic MIMO Network

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Sanchita Mallick,
  • Tirtha Majumder,
  • Priti Chowdhury,
  • Md. Reyaz Alam

摘要

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology significantly improves wireless communication by increasing data transfer speeds and reliability, particularly in challenging environments. The development of Massive MIMO (MMIMO), crucial for 5G networks, increases spectral efficiency and reliability by serving multiple users simultaneously through spatial multiplexing and beamforming. However, with the rise of multitasking and technologies like augmented and virtual reality, even faster Internet speeds are needed, which 6G aims to deliver, promising up to 1 terabit per second (TBPS). The evolution toward 6G hinges on Holographic MIMO (HMIMO) technology, which uses metamaterials and reconfigurable antennas to manipulate electromagnetic waves precisely. This work assesses the Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics of MIMO, MMIMO, and HMIMO under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI), combining theoretical analysis and numerical results to provide a realistic system performance depiction. It also identifies challenges and future research directions.