Natural gamma survey technology is based on the differences in radioactivity (energy spectrum radiation) of the stratigraphic medium, through observation and study of the changing law of the gamma-ray energy spectrum to solve geological problems of a large class of exploration, detection and monitoring methods. Conventional natural gamma energy spectroscopy surveys are mainly applied in the fields of uranium mining, metal ore census, resource exploration, etc., with fewer applications in soil testing. Traditional soil testing generally requires steps such as sampling, air-drying, sieving, measuring and analysing, which is not only costly and time-consuming, but also consumes a lot of manpower and resources. To address this phenomenon, this study firstly used a portable nuclide meter to measure the soil quickly, and then used matlab to process the original whole gamma energy spectrum data with segmented sampling, which can achieve the effect of rapid qualitative analysis of the soil and improve the efficiency of traditional soil testing.