This study explores the application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in environmental design education in China and its educational outcomes. By comparing the learning results of the experimental group (using VR headsets) with those of the control group (using computers), this paper evaluates the efficacy of VR technology in enhancing spatial understanding, architectural perception, and material knowledge. The findings indicate that VR technology significantly improves students’ spatial cognition and understanding of complex design concepts. Additionally, the study reveals challenges in implementing VR technology in educational practice, including issues related to technology acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and equipment availability. Through quantitative analysis and student feedback, this research proposes directions for optimizing VR educational applications, providing an empirical basis for the development of future educational technologies.