Natural rubber-based micro- and nanocomposites hold a unique position in industry and research due to their fascinating properties. The incorporation of hydrophilic or polar micro/nano-fillers can adversely affect the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites owing to the poor rubber-filler interaction. The addition of compatibilizer is an efficient strategy to promote the interaction between the rubber and the filler which in turn can significantly alter the overall performance of the composite. This chapter summarizes the utilization of various compatibilizers suitable for fillers such as layered silicates, silica, nylon fiber, and cellulose fibers in developing high-performance natural rubber-based composites. The influence of compatibilizers on the mechanical, viscoelastic properties, rubber-filler interaction, and morphology are discussed in detail.