The Lomax distribution has consistently held significance across various disciplines due to its wide range of applications. In this chapter, we explore a novel modification of the Lomax distribution, termed the neutrosophic Lomax distribution \(({LD}_{N})\) . The proposed \({LD}_{N}\) exhibits significant flexibility in modeling lifetime data with both decreasing and increasing shapes, allowing for non-monotonic patterns. Detailed description of the mathematical properties of the \({LD}_{N}\) are provided. The proposed neutrosophic model concerns the time interval required for specific events to occur given their uncertain nature. The suggested model can serve as the most extensively employed statistical distribution for reliability issues involving imprecise data. Discussion and illustration of neutrosophic parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood method are presented with worked examples. A simulation analysis has also been carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated neutrosophic parameters. Simulation results reveal that the unknown neutrosophic parameters, are more reliable from inaccurate data when larger sample size is considered. Finally, an authentic real-world application of the proposed model is provided.