Worldwide, environmental contamination and its remediation are major problems. Heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and other pollutants are some of the main causes of environmental deterioration. Eliminating residual contaminants is also one of the toughest challenges. Since bioremediation restores the damaged site to its previous state, it is one of the most successful methods for lowering environmental toxins. Through the action of bacteria, fungus, and plants, it degrades, removes, alters, immobilizes, or detoxifies numerous chemicals and physical wastes from the environment. Microorganisms’ natural biodegradation of complex organic compounds implies that they can be reduced to more basic inorganic forms. Bioremediation, is a technology developed by humans that employs microorganisms to reduce pollutants, methods such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, bioventing, and bio attenuation are some of the types of bioremediation used to increase the capacity of microorganisms to degrade pollutants. These organisms will use the pollutants as a source of energy. Using symbiotic microorganisms, genetically engineered microorganisms have been used to improve pollutant cleanup and ensure safe biodegradation. Hence, this review focuses on the most recent developments in bioremediation techniques, the mechanisms by which microorganisms degrade various pollutants, and the possible uses of bioremediation as a worldwide pollution mitigation strategy.