Preoperative Risk Stratification to Prehabilitation
摘要
Prehabilitation focuses on optimization of patients’ functional capacity before surgery. In particular, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) must undergo multimodal therapy to achieve optimal outcomes. However, each step in the treatment paradigm represents a significant physiological stressor that can further deteriorate the already frail status of some patients, placing them at risk for complications and inability to complete treatment. Prehabilitation has been gaining momentum as an intervention that may improve patient outcomes by preventing postoperative deconditioning and subsequent complications. In this chapter, we discuss the different steps in the prehabilitation pathway of patients, as well as the available evidence supporting this practice. Patients should be screened for risk factors associated with postoperative complications, such as cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise tolerance, nutritional status, substance abuse, smoking, and psychological status. Interventions can then be designed according to individual patients’ risk profile. Frequent reassessment allows monitoring for progress and adjustment of interventions accordingly. We provide an example of a prehabilitation program below.