At the end of the fourth week of the embryonic period, the development of the upper limb arteries, along with other parts of the upper limb, begins with the activation of mesenchymal cells from the lateral mesoderm. At this stage, upper limb buds begin to form from a mass of mesenchymal cells covered by ectoderm. Later in its development, this mass differentiates into bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Specifically, the anterior circumflex humeral artery (ACHA) and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) develop from branches of the axis artery, which is a lateral branch of the seventh intersegmental artery (Gilbert and Nelson 2021; Tang and Varacallo 2021).