Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disorder of the vaginal microbiome that is prevalent among women of childbearing age. It is characterized by an unpleasant odor, thin vaginal discharge, and an elevated vaginal pH. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms and microscopic examination. Although BV is associated with a variety of bacterial species, Gardnerella vaginalis is recognized as a significant contributor. The condition is known to increase the risk of preterm delivery and warrants treatment during pregnancy. Recommended therapeutic agents include antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin, administered either locally or systemically. Preventive measures for bacterial vaginosis include maintaining good vaginal hygiene, avoiding perfumed products, wearing cotton underwear, and utilizing condoms during sexual intercourse.