Mycoplasma genitalium is a recently identified pathogen linked to various urogenital symptoms, particularly nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). This bacterium has a diminutive genome and lacks a cell wall, depending on host cells for survival. Prevalence varies according to different risk factors, such as sexual behaviors. In men, the infection primarily manifests as urethritis, while in women, it may lead to gynecological and obstetric complications. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium is accomplished through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), although the optimal detection method remains uncertain. The efficacy of macrolide antibiotics, notably azithromycin, is declining, prompting recommendations for alternative treatments such as moxifloxacin. To date, no established prevention or screening protocols exist.