Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a rare, predominantly sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1–L3. The clinical presentation encompasses three stages: the primary lesion, lymphadenopathy of the inguinal lymph nodes, and a chronic phase that may result in elephantiasis. Men who have sex with men (MSM) and individuals living with HIV are at increased risk. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for specific chlamydia serotypes, with serological testing serving as a supportive measure. The first-line treatment involves a 21-day course of doxycycline. Screening and treatment of sexual partners is crucial for prevention. Differential diagnosis must also consider other etiologies for genital ulcers and proctitis.