Proctitis is defined as inflammation of the rectum, which may result from infections, including sexually transmitted diseases (STD), particularly those contracted during anal intercourse, or as a concomitant symptom of other gastrointestinal disorders. The etiology of proctitis is multifactorial, involving various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, notably Entamoeba histolytica. Symptoms typically include painful and bloody defecation, inguinal lymphadenopathy, and discomfort in the perianal region. Diagnostic sigmoidoscopy may reveal ulcerations, edema, and fissures. Diagnosis is confirmed through the examination of samples collected via smears, biopsies, and serological tests, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) being the preferred method for pathogen identification, including Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex. Treatment protocols are pathogen-specific, and preventive counseling is crucial.