Varicocele
摘要
Varicocele is clinically defined as an abnormal dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus with continuous or intermittent reflux of the venous blood. It is considered the most common correctable cause of male infertility even though the mechanisms responsible for infertility are still unclear. The prevalence of this disorder in the general population is approximately 15–20% (Meacham et al., J Urol 151:1535–8, 1994), and it is involved in up to 40% of cases of male infertility (Carlsen et al., Int J Androl 23:248–53, 2000; Naughton, Hum Reprod Update 7:473–81, 2001; Shafik et al., Urology 35:175–82, 1990). In the past years, efforts have been made in the clinical standardization of varicocele grading. A homogeneous reporting could lead to a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of infertility related to the pathology.