This chapter presents two main approaches to the “project” of research; hypothesis-based research, and the somewhat opposite hypothesis-free research. We present the benefits and drawbacks of hypothesis-based research, showing how it provides a clear direction for research, yet all too often limits creativity and exploration. Additionally, we will discuss how hypothesis-based research has been used in various fields, such as medicine or psychology. We then contrast hypothesis-based to hypothesis-free research, an approach which allows for more creativity and exploration, yet seems to be less structured, and somewhat less scientific. We finish the chapter with an attempt to combine the two ways of thinking, such as using a hypothesis-based approach to guide initial research and then allowing for hypothesis-free exploration. The opposite could be done as well, using a hypothesis-free exploration to generate hypotheses.