The human scalp, a complex structure composed of multiple layers, plays a vital role in protecting the underlying cranial structures. Understanding the anatomy of the scalp is essential for both clinical and surgical practice, as it consists of diverse tissues, including skin, connective tissue, and the epicranial aponeurosis. In recent years, the field of dermatology has witnessed significant advancements in the imaging techniques utilized to diagnose and assess scalp conditions and pathologies. This chapter delves into the intricate architecture of the scalp, providing a detailed exploration of its anatomical features. Additionally, this chapter explores the most recent imaging modalities that have revolutionized the evaluation of these conditions, such as trichoscopy, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with surface coil, offering insights into their applications in visualizing the scalp’s layers and diseases. Through this comprehensive overview, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the scalp’s structure and the valuable role that imaging modalities play in its assessment.