Neurobehavioral traits are individual-difference dimensions that shed light on the foundations of diverse forms of psychopathology. The set of neurobehavioral traits discussed in this volume were conceptualized from the common threads of risk markers identified in both clinical psychology and human and animal neuroscience. They serve as bridges that span multiple units of analysis, providing an integrative framework for organizing and understanding the observed patterns of associations between neurophysiological markers and report-based trait measures, on the one hand, and clinical presentations on the other (Nelson et al., 2016; Patrick et al., 2013). Neurobehavioral traits, when conceptualized in this way, are described as liability factors for psychopathology (Palumbo et al., 2020; Patrick et al., 2013; Yancey et al., 2016), suggesting that measuring them prior to the onset of clinical symptoms could help identify those at heightened risk. These individuals could then be targeted for prevention programs. However, the developmental assumptions of liability have not been thoroughly and explicitly evaluated, limiting the potential for clinical application of research on neurobehavioral traits (see Perkins et al., 2020a). Developmental-psychopathology approaches are well-suited to address this gap, given their goal of explicating the intraindividual and environmental processes that interact over time to give rise to increasingly engrained psychological problems (Beauchaine & McNulty, 2013; Sroufe, 2009). This chapter (1) argues that a developmental-psychopathology approach is necessary in the study of neurobehavioral traits and (2) takes stock of the existing developmental-psychopathology literature on one key neurobehavioral trait—affiliative capacity—as a putative liability factor for callous-unemotional (CU) traits.