Filoviruses, belonging to the Filoviridae family within the order Mononegavirales, represent a group of pathogens with significant public health implications due to their high virulence and potential for causing outbreaks. Filoviruses have a high case fatality rate characterized by fever, gastrointestinal signs, and multiple organ dysfunction. Understanding their epidemiology, genomic structure diversity, pathogenesis, and variant-specific immune response dysfunction is crucial for effective disease management, potential treatment development, and outbreak control. This review provides a comprehensive overview of filovirus classification, viral reservoirs, mode of transmission, disease dynamics, fatality rates, molecular genome organization, viral-encoded proteins, genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and the immune system response dysfunction.