David’s lily is a perennial, persistent herb of the genus Lilium in the Liliaceae family. Due to its adaptability, ease of cultivation and management, as well as the ease of exchange of bulbous germplasm resourcesGermplasm resources, David’s lily are important in cut flower and potted flower production and garden applications, with high ornamental value and market demand. In addition, this diversity of David’s lily provides an important source of breeding material for the development of new varieties. Therefore, the conservation and storage of these valuable genetic resources is important to meet market demands. In addition to attractive phenotypic traits, more and more traits related to environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation and production are receiving attention. Reduced chemical use and low energy inputs are important traits to consider when developing breeding cultivation programs. It is essential to improve floral quality and cultivation traits of David’s lily through breeding studies. This review summarizes the origin, genetic diversityGenetic diversity, key breeding objectives, and development trends of David’s lily. It describes the development and application of emerging technologies such as hybrid, ploidy, mutation, and molecular breedingMolecular breeding in the breeding process in the context of breeding history and recent research progress. In addition, applying many modern techniques, such as in vitro propagation, embryo rescue, polyploidization, molecular markersMolecular marker, and genomics, will improve breeding efficiency. Understanding the main strategies of current lily breeding techniques as well as the advantages and characteristics of each breeding technique will help to provide the necessary reference suggestions for the development of David’s lily.