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Organic and inorganic pollutants are key sources of water contamination. Economic, eco-friendly, and effective approaches are essential for wastewater treatment. Biosorption using phyto-materials is gaining attention for the execution of effective pollutant removal due to their abundant availability, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, and economical viability. This chapter highlights the application of plant-based materials such as leaves, flowers, peels, shells, seeds, stalks, and barks for pollutant removal from wastewater. Moreover, the advantages of modified phytosorbents over pristine variety are discussed. The removal efficiency of brinjal stalks, bamboo leaves, neem leaves, Kamla fruit peel, rice husk, sawdust, coco peat, mahua seeds, pomegranate peel, kashful stalks, cadamba flower, orange peel, papaya peel, date seed and related materials on organic and inorganic pollutant removal has been discussed. The adsorption capacity under optimized condition usually has been found to vary from 10 to 500 mg/g. Carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl functionalities are the key binding sites to remove toxins from the water body. The effect of physicochemical parameters such as contact time, input concentration, pH, and dose are clearly explained. Most of the photo-materials exhibit a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with varying degrees of intra-particle diffusion. However, isotherms may vary depending on the multilayer and monolayer adsorption mechanism. The biosorption is spontaneous and endothermic but some cases show the exothermic. Regeneration and multicycle usage of the adsorbents have been explained to evaluate techno-economic potential. Such phytomaterials are also able to remove pollutants in the presence of industrial wastewater. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and π–π interactions are the dominating driving forces behind adsorption. A comparative discussion of the adsorption capacities of different phytosorbents has been summarized to assess relative efficacy. The future possibility has been recommended. Overall, this chapter highlights the use of phyto-materials as a potential scavenger of toxic components from wastewater which will be beneficial for sustainable development.

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Plant Wastes as Emerging and Efficient Scavengers for Inorganic and Organic Pollutants from Wastewater

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Priyanka Priyadarsini Samal,
  • Soumen Dey

摘要

Organic and inorganic pollutants are key sources of water contamination. Economic, eco-friendly, and effective approaches are essential for wastewater treatment. Biosorption using phyto-materials is gaining attention for the execution of effective pollutant removal due to their abundant availability, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, and economical viability. This chapter highlights the application of plant-based materials such as leaves, flowers, peels, shells, seeds, stalks, and barks for pollutant removal from wastewater. Moreover, the advantages of modified phytosorbents over pristine variety are discussed. The removal efficiency of brinjal stalks, bamboo leaves, neem leaves, Kamla fruit peel, rice husk, sawdust, coco peat, mahua seeds, pomegranate peel, kashful stalks, cadamba flower, orange peel, papaya peel, date seed and related materials on organic and inorganic pollutant removal has been discussed. The adsorption capacity under optimized condition usually has been found to vary from 10 to 500 mg/g. Carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl functionalities are the key binding sites to remove toxins from the water body. The effect of physicochemical parameters such as contact time, input concentration, pH, and dose are clearly explained. Most of the photo-materials exhibit a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with varying degrees of intra-particle diffusion. However, isotherms may vary depending on the multilayer and monolayer adsorption mechanism. The biosorption is spontaneous and endothermic but some cases show the exothermic. Regeneration and multicycle usage of the adsorbents have been explained to evaluate techno-economic potential. Such phytomaterials are also able to remove pollutants in the presence of industrial wastewater. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and π–π interactions are the dominating driving forces behind adsorption. A comparative discussion of the adsorption capacities of different phytosorbents has been summarized to assess relative efficacy. The future possibility has been recommended. Overall, this chapter highlights the use of phyto-materials as a potential scavenger of toxic components from wastewater which will be beneficial for sustainable development.