The rapid urbanization and increase global population driven activities result in release of toxins from various anthropogenic activities, which can antagonistically influence untamed life, affecting both human and the surrounding environment. Organic pollutants may pose environmental risk and have xenobiotic effect on plants. Various types of emerging contaminants including heavy metals like lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic are refractory in nature and even if available in low concentration levels represent a potential risk of bioaccumulating at higher tropic levels in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Heavy metal pollution being mutagenic, endocrine, cancer-causing and teratogenic, may cause apprehensive medical disorders. The concentration of these xenobiotics can be potentially limited by adapting various remediation techniques. Phytoremediation can offer an efficient biocontrol strategy, involving wetland, aquatic plants and soil microbiota to mitigate pollutants into less toxic components. The phenomenon of phytoremediation incorporates sequestration of heavy metals by either bioaccumulating in plants tissues, or by immobilizing the contaminants and detoxification in the roots. Studies on biocontrol suggest that different plant species like Pteris vittata, Helianthus annus, Arabidopsis halleri can potentially be used for bioremediation of emerging contaminants available in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Activities like corrosive downpours, modern and local waste waters result in excessive disposal of inorganic contaminants and toxins in such natural ecosystems. However, macrophytic species and rhizospheric flora including Azolla, Eichhornia, Spirodela serve as natural occurring phytoremediators for bioaccumulation and subsequent reduction of toxic chemicals. Besides, other effective techniques like phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration methods are being adopted globally for successful mitigation of heavy metals. Recent advances include adopt of agronomic strategies, green technology, artificial intelligence and control biotoxicity by PGPR induced transgenic plants for effective bioremediation of aquatic environments and restoration of polluted environments. Besides, various limitations and research gaps are required to be addressed for effective and enhanced mitigation of emerging contaminants. In the present chapter emphasis on various emerging contaminants and its potential mitigation through various phytoremediation techniques towards sustainable environment are highlighted. Besides, extensive mechanisms of phytoremediation and its limitations are also outlined for improving the efficacy of the strategies.