Phytoremediation has emerged as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for treating wastewater using plants. This review article provides an overview of the mechanisms, applications, and advantages of phytoremediation for wastewater treatment. The key processes involved in phytoremediation, including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, and phytovolatilization, are discussed. The ability of plants to remove or degrade organic pollutants, heavy metals, and excess nutrients from wastewater through their roots, leaves, and associated microorganisms is highlighted. Key plants used in phytoremediation, like typha, eichhornia, pistia, lemna, azolla, and wolffia, are evaluated. The applications of phytoremediation for the treatment of sewage, industrial effluents, landfill leachate, and agricultural runoff are reviewed. The advantages of phytoremediation in terms of cost, aesthetics, sustainability, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional remediation methods are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for wider adoption of phytoremediation are explored. The review suggests that phytoremediation provides an effective green solution for wastewater treatment with tremendous potential for future applications.