Restricted by the times and economic conditions, public spaces of old residential communities have problems, such as low utilization and uneven resource distribution. Because of these problems, resident activities and communication are limited and residents lack the sense of belonging. This necessitates the establishment of activity spaces suitable for communication through the renewal of old residential communities. Activity spaces of this kind can help re-establish residents’ social connections. This paper aims at assessing the performance of residential community renewal. Social network analysis is used to build the community public space network and the resident daily behavior and activity network, respectively. Meanwhile, the aforesaid two networks are comparatively analyzed from the perspective of the network structure and influence of node, and considering four parameters (density, small world density, node betweenness centrality, and structural hole) as well as its derivative indexes. Taking existing residential community for a case analysis, this paper quantitatively assesses and compares the public spaces of the residential community, finding that the inconsistency between the public space network and the resident activity network is attributable to elements, such as quality of space, space accessibility, and node combination. On that basis, strategies for optimization of spatial design are proposed.