Chapter 3 Elementary Landforms and Processes II: From Simple, Terrestrial Landforms to Hydroclastic, Glaciovolcanic and Underwater Landforms
摘要
Pyroclastic and hydroclastic cones, and glacio-volcanic landforms are relatively small, so-called monogenetic, simple volcanic edifices that result from short-term, commonly low-magnitude, explosive eruptions. They comprise the most common elementary volcano types on Earth that occur in all tectonic settings. We have grouped them under a common umbrella, as these landforms and deposits are created by short-lived eruption(s) of magma, usually from single vents, and a full range of interactions with external water. Other subaqueous (underwater) landforms are also presented here. Hence, in this chapter we consider dry (with no external addition of water), hydroclastic, glaciovolcanic and subaqueous edifices and deposits formed by negligible to substantial, even excessive amounts of water (or ice).