The Financialisation of Identity
摘要
This chapter traces the analogue prehistory of Sweden’s digital BankIDs. It shows how the introduction of cheque accounts for wages required a new approach to identity verification, forcing the banks to issue ID documents and thus take on a role that typically belongs to government authorities. The conceptual and practical similarities between credit cards and ID cards and the justifications for the new ID verification routines reinforced the new link between money and identity. The analytical focus on bankification highlights an overlooked phase in the history of identification documents. The chapter argues that, between a paper-based documentary identification regime dominated by the bureaucratic state and a digital regime that is typically assumed to be commercially driven, there was an intermediate plastic regime in which identity became financialised. The development of computerisation, the banks’ role in identity management and their work towards a new financial information and transaction system helped to build the new intimate relationship between banks and their customers into the everyday financial infrastructure. As early as the 1970s, historical actors realised that this mass-managed intimacy held the promise of commercialising identities through the use of transactional data.