The engagement and empowerment of citizens as key actors of change and transformation are often advocated to co-develop effective solutions for disaster risk management, including for industrial risk. Evidence shows that participatory processes can improve knowledge quality, lead to the identification of new problem-solving options, decrease opposition, contribute to legitimizing decisions and increase the likelihood that risk reduction will be more effective, efficient and sustainable. Notwithstanding several successful examples, participatory processes face several methodological, theoretical and practical challenges. For example, there is a lack of generally accepted quality standards and of binding policy instruments promoting participation, as well as limited institutional commitment and availability of human/economic resources. By presenting selected cases in the industrial risk sector, this chapter discusses the enablers, barriers and limitations of these processes. It ends with some reflections on the future agenda to improve existing practices and research.