Anthropometry is crucial in the field of health due to its usefulness in the prevention and monitoring of chronic diseases and risk groups. This chapter carries out an analysis of the anthropometric variables most related to different pathologies, in order to identify risk factors and provide information about the health of the individual, underlining body mass, skinfolds, waist and hips girths, waist/hip, waist/ stretch stature and stretch stature/wrist girth ratios, the body mass index (BMI), adiposity, somatotype, and the conicity index. Finally, an analysis of the anthropometric variables most related to anorexia nervosa, diabetes, cardiovascular pathology, and obesity, is carried out.