As countries actively carry out deep-sea strategic layouts, depth charges have become underwater sharp tools to attack underwater vehicles. In order to improve the survival protection capability of underwater vehicles and enhance the striking capability of underwater weapons, this paper uses the S-ALE (Structured ALE) method to reveal the influence of explosion source depth and charge type on the propagation and load characteristics of near-wall deep-water explosion through numerical simulation. To verify the correctness of the numerical model, the calculated results are compared with the empirical formulas, and the results are in good agreement. The calculation shows that: both the depth of the explosion source and the type of charge have a great impact on the shock wave load of near-wall deep-water underwater explosion. The peak pressure of the shock wave increases with the depth of the explosion, and the propagation velocity and load characteristics of the shock wave formed by different types of charges are different.