Pulpal diseases characterised by inflammatory changes are usually the sequelae of dental caries and trauma. Dental caries, an infectious disease, is the major cause, whereas acute physical trauma to the teeth, usually anterior teeth, can cause the severance of the apical blood supply, leading to sterile necrosis of the pulp. Low-grade, chronic injuries of indeterminate origin often lead to pulp fibrosis and, on occasion, internal tooth resorption. Pulpal diseases are mainly classified based on their clinical symptoms.