The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial joint on either side of the head that functions synchronously, allowing movement of the mandible for mastication, speech, and respiratory movements. This chapter highlights its development, anatomic structures, and histology in detail, with clinical considerations and age changes. The anatomic structure consists of the head of the condyle, the temporal bone, the glenoid fossa, the articulating disk, and the capsule. The histology of these structures and the synovial cavities, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid have been described.