Sialolithiasis is a disease that primarily affects the submandibular salivary glands (approximately 85%). The main symptoms of sialolithiasis are pain and swelling after meals. In cases of prolonged obstruction, infection (sialadenitis) and sometimes abscess formation can occur. It may be related to reduced fluid intake, dehydration, and medication that reduces saliva production. Radiotherapy also causes xerostomia and, as a result, may increase the risk of sialolithiasis. Sjogren’s syndrome, an autoimmune multisystemic disorder with main symptoms of dry eyes and xerostomia, can be related to sialolithiasis of the salivary glands. There are also many categories of medication that cause xerostomia. A neck CT scan is an excellent choice for diagnosing sialolithiasis and visualizing sialoliths inside the gland and the duct. MRI is also of high diagnostic value for salivary gland diseases. Sialography is useful because it can also be therapeutic but is not indicated in cases of sialolithiasis. Many clinicians and radiologists believe that ultrasound is the indicated diagnostic investigation for sialolithiasis and sialadenitis. Sialendoscopy is an evolving diagnostic and therapeutic technique for the management of salivary gland disorders.