Acute pancreatitis may require hospitalization and intensive care unit admission, and, therefore, it is crucial for critical care pharmacists to possess the ability to manage patients with this disease state. Effective treatment involves appropriate fluid resuscitation, pain control, nutritional support, and, in some cases, antimicrobial therapy. In severe cases, acute pancreatitis can progress to cause end-organ failure. Identifying the underlying cause of the disease is imperative to prevent both recurrence and development of chronic pancreatitis. This chapter offers pharmacists fundamental insights into understanding the causes, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and post-hospitalization care for patients with acute pancreatitis.