Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in ecosystems being contaminated with persistent toxic elements and chemical dyes, posing significant threats to both environmental health and human well-being. To tackle this issue, bioremediation has emerged as a promising method. However, conventional bioremediation techniques have their limitations in terms of efficiency and practicality. Nanotechnology, particularly the development of BioNPs, has opened up new possibilities for addressing these challenges. Various biological entities such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae have been explored for synthesizing metal NPs through intracellular or extracellular processes. These NPs find applications in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental management. Nano-bioremediation offers a potential solution to the current limitations of bioremediation. BioNPs exhibit unique properties and interactions with PTE&Cs, making them a promising option for environmental applications. In this chapter, we dig into the application of BioNPs for targeting PTE&Cs in bioremediation to ensure sustainability. We explore the types of NPs utilized and their mechanisms of action. Additionally, we address the advantages, challenges, and drawbacks associated with this approach while also discussing future prospects and research directions. By presenting cutting-edge research insights so far, we enlighten to the advancement of eco-friendly solutions for remediating persistent toxic elements and chemical dye contaminated environments, paving the way for a healthier and more sustainable future.