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Photovoltaic (PV) technology advances swiftly towards achieving Net-Zero emissions, driving exponential growth in global installations. This surge in solar energy production has led to a significant increase in installations, consequently elevating the number of modules reaching the end of their lifecycle. Despite the considerable benefits of solar power expansion, end-of-life (EOL) solar panels could pose waste-related risks. By the end of 2023, the global installed PV capacity had reached approximately 700 GW, projected to surge to 4500 GW by 2050. Based on a 25 year panel lifespan, global solar PV waste is estimated to range from 4 to 14% of total generation capacity by 2030, escalating to over 80% (around 78 million tonnes) by 2050. Consequently, the proper disposal of PV panels is poised to emerge as a substantial environmental challenge in the coming decades, necessitating thorough investigation into disposal and recycling methodologies for EOL PV panels. The review primarily delves into the existing state of solar panel waste recycling, encompassing recycling technology, environmental safeguards, waste management, recycling legislation, and economic aspects. Additionally, it offers recommendations for advancing technology and policy within this domain. Several countries are now implementing PV recycling management, aiming to expand the obligations of PV material manufacturers to encompass final disposal or reuse. However, enhancing the PV industry's economic viability, practicality, recovery rates, and environmental efficacy in recycling its products remains crucial for future advancements.

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Challenges and Prospects in Photovoltaic Waste Management: Towards Sustainable Recycling and Disposal of End-of-Life Solar Panels

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gobinath Velu Kaliyannan,
  • Raja Gunasekaran,
  • Rajasekar Rathanasamy,
  • Shankar Subramaniam,
  • Vinodhini Chinnathambi

摘要

Photovoltaic (PV) technology advances swiftly towards achieving Net-Zero emissions, driving exponential growth in global installations. This surge in solar energy production has led to a significant increase in installations, consequently elevating the number of modules reaching the end of their lifecycle. Despite the considerable benefits of solar power expansion, end-of-life (EOL) solar panels could pose waste-related risks. By the end of 2023, the global installed PV capacity had reached approximately 700 GW, projected to surge to 4500 GW by 2050. Based on a 25 year panel lifespan, global solar PV waste is estimated to range from 4 to 14% of total generation capacity by 2030, escalating to over 80% (around 78 million tonnes) by 2050. Consequently, the proper disposal of PV panels is poised to emerge as a substantial environmental challenge in the coming decades, necessitating thorough investigation into disposal and recycling methodologies for EOL PV panels. The review primarily delves into the existing state of solar panel waste recycling, encompassing recycling technology, environmental safeguards, waste management, recycling legislation, and economic aspects. Additionally, it offers recommendations for advancing technology and policy within this domain. Several countries are now implementing PV recycling management, aiming to expand the obligations of PV material manufacturers to encompass final disposal or reuse. However, enhancing the PV industry's economic viability, practicality, recovery rates, and environmental efficacy in recycling its products remains crucial for future advancements.