In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) are revolutionizing second language teaching and learning. This critical review investigates the current state and past research on the dynamics of immersive learning technologies in enhancing second language learning competencies via distance learning. The past studies reviewed were conducted in a variety of educational settings—including schools, universities, and language learning centers. The studies used a variety of research methods, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The findings of the review suggest that immersive technologies can be effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Specifically, immersive technologies can (a) improve learner motivation and engagement in learning a second language, (b) enhance language skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing, (c) promote cultural understanding, and (d) provide opportunities for authentic language use. The review also identified some challenges to the use of immersive technologies in language pedagogy, such as the cost of equipment and the need for teacher training. However, the benefits of immersive technologies outweigh the challenges, and they are likely to play an increasingly important role in language teaching and learning in the future.