The Himalayan ecosystem, renowned for its biodiversity and cultural significance, is facing unprecedented challenges due to the impacts of climate change. These changes are analyzed in the context of their direct and indirect effects on the diverse species that inhabit the Himalayan ecosystems. Traditional crops including rice, wheat, barley, millets and numerous horticultural products are affected in terms of growth, production and geographic distribution by a number of climatic factors including rising temperatures, modified precipitation patterns and shifting weather extremes. The delicate balance of the Himalayan environment is seriously threatened by these changes, which also affect the availability of water, soil fertility, and pest dynamics, thereby challenging the traditional agricultural practices. The socio-economic ramifications of climate change on Himalayan communities heavily dependent on agriculture have several adverse effects. Shifts in traditional crop calendars, increased vulnerability to extreme weather events, and the potential loss of indigenous knowledge pose significant challenges to food security and livelihoods. This chapter will provide a comprehensive review of the effects of climate change on traditional crops cultivated in the Himalayan region, examining both the environmental and socio-economic dimensions. Additionally, it will examine the adaptation strategies employed by local communities, including the introduction of climate-resilient crop varieties, improved water management practices and community-based initiatives aimed at mitigating the adverse effects. It underscores the urgency of recognizing and addressing the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the Himalayan ecosystem and traditional crops. By fostering collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers and local communities, we can develop adaptive strategies that not only preserve the rich cultural heritage of the region but also ensure the sustainability of agriculture in the face of a changing climate.