Diversity of endemic plants is a prime criterion for determining the global biodiversity hotspot. Endemic species are distributed in a restricted range which often vulnerable to climate and anthropogenic disturbances, and thus require immediate effective conservation action. Considering the importance, we investigated the diversity and distribution pattern of vascular endemic plants across Western Himalaya (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand) of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). A total of 227 endemic taxa (207 species, 5 subspecies and 15 varieties) belonging to 115 genera and 43 families were recorded. Among the different life-forms, most of the species were herbaceous (184), followed by shrub (34), tree (4), climber (1), and bamboo (1). Asteraceae (49) was the dominant family followed by Fabaceae (17) and Poaceae (11). Endemic richness was recorded highest (113) in Uttarakhand, followed by Jammu & Kashmir (84), Himachal Pradesh (61) and Ladakh (15) respectively. Further studies are required for population assessment and conservation action of these species along with development of propagation protocols and reintroduction in natural habitat.