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Today, transmitting low-voltage digital and analog signals is standard practice. Following traditional and Industry 4.0 protocols, electronic devices use these signals to control prime movers, sensors, and transducers. This is done through peripheral devices, like machine tools, operated by microcontrollers of varying capacities.

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Communication Protocols—Legacy and Industry 4.0

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Wasim Ahmed Khan,
  • Volkan Esat,
  • Muhammad Hammad,
  • Hassan Ali,
  • Muhammad Qasim Zafar,
  • Rashid Ali

摘要

Today, transmitting low-voltage digital and analog signals is standard practice. Following traditional and Industry 4.0 protocols, electronic devices use these signals to control prime movers, sensors, and transducers. This is done through peripheral devices, like machine tools, operated by microcontrollers of varying capacities.